1056
After a sudden illness a few days previous, Byzantine Empress Theodora dies without children to succeed the throne, thus ending the Macedonian dynasty.
1803
Lewis and Clark start their expedition to the west by leaving Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania at 11 in the morning.
1864
During the American Civil War, Union forces led by General William T. Sherman launch an assault on Atlanta, Georgia.
1888
Mary Ann Nichols is murdered. She is the first of Jack the Ripper’s confirmed victims
1939
Nazi Germany mounts a staged attack on the Gleiwitz radio station, creating an excuse to attack Poland the following day thus starting World War II in Europe.
1997
Diana, Princess of Wales, her companion Dodi Al-Fayed and driver Henri Paul die in a car crash in Paris.
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Only in politics can 'the larger picture' be very small.
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The University of Chicago has now borrowed $6.3 billion, more than 70 percent of the value of its endowment. The cost of servicing its debt is now 85 percent of the value of all undergraduate tuition. (This is not normal. No peer institution has a debt-to-asset ratio greater than 26 percent. Perhaps that is one reason why Chicago’s tuition is so high and yet it wants to spend so little on education?)--Cowen
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New British cars may have to be fitted with breathalyser technology and black box-style recorders under Labour plans to align with EU vehicle safety laws.
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We are a people of milestones. Birthday. Coming of age. Wedding. Anniversary. They are surprisingly consistent across cultures, although there are some variations. The Koreans celebrate the arrival of a newborn's first 100 days.
The Navajo, the Diné, believe that newborn babies initially reside in the world of the Diyin Dine’e, the Holy People, before they join their earthly families. The Diyin Dine’e are "the first people" and the subjects of the most important myths and stories in Navajo culture. When a baby is born, the Navajo believe the child lives in two worlds, a kind of spiritual limbo, until the child declares his humanity: the first time the baby laughs.
Western tradition sees the newborn entering the world crying, into the Vale of Tears. The first milestone in a Navajo child's life is when he laughs. No other animal laughs. Joy is what makes him human, which separates him from the beasts and the somber spirit world. The first laugh is seen as a sign of the baby’s desire to leave the spirit world and join his earthly family and community.
So, there's a party, the First Laugh Ceremony (A’wee Chi’deedloh).
Traditionally, the one who first makes the baby laugh is the one who throws the party. where family and friends come to see the baby and, in a sense, be blessed by him, as one recently so close to the spirits.
The guests, through the party-giving surrogate, receive candy, gifts, and salt, once scarce and valuable.
So a newborn is a visitor from the spirit world, who throws off his spiritual trappings to join us. and he announces his arrival not with a cry, but with joy.