On this day:
King James IV of Scotland marries Margaret Tudor, daughter of King Henry VII of England at Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, Scotland.
1588
Anglo-Spanish War: Battle of Gravelines – The naval engagement ends, ending the Spanish Armada’s attempt to invade England.
1844
The Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, headed by Brigham Young, is reaffirmed as the leading body of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).
1863
American Civil War: following his defeat in the Battle of Gettysburg, General Robert E. Lee sends a letter of resignation to Confederate President Jefferson Davis (which is refused upon receipt).
1908
Wilbur Wright makes his first flight at a racecourse at Le Mans, France. It is the Wright Brothers’ first public flight.
1942
Quit India Movement is launched in India against the British rule in response to Mahatma Gandhi’s call for swaraj or complete independence.
1945
World War II: The Soviet Union declares war on Japan and begins the Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation.
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"The goal of socialism is communism." - Vladimir Lenin
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Super-rich complain but experts welcome Mamdani’s pied-à-terre tax-- Guardian headline
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According to Adam Smith, contrary to the prevailing wisdom of his day, empire, once all the trade-offs were considered, diminished the wealth of nations rather than increasing it.
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SatStats
42 percent of Americans over 60 believe they will literally work until they die.
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College graduates are currently entering the toughest entry-level job market in years, with underemployment climbing past 42 percent.
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In 2024, roughly 4 percent of fast-food locations in the US used voice AI technology in the drive-thru lane, according to Intouch Insight’s annual Drive Thru Survey. Last year, that figure grew to 5 percent; early research suggests that it has now climbed to 6 percent.
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White Castle was the only fast-food chain in the Fortune’s top 20 list of best workplaces in retail last year
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Homeschooling
Homeschooling is no longer a fringe practice. According to U.S. Census Bureau survey data, roughly 6 percent of American K-12 students — about 3 million children — were reported as homeschooled in the 2023-24 school year, nearly double what it was before the pandemic. And this is not a pandemic hangover that is fading. Analysis of state records found homeschooling growing at an average of 4.9 percent across reporting states in 2024-25 — more than double the pre-pandemic growth rate — with several states hitting all-time enrollment highs.
Homeschooling families are more racially and ethnically diverse than the stereotype suggests and growing more so over time.
In Delaware, one of the few states that reports these figures, Black students make up 12 percent of the homeschool population.
No single profile describes homeschooled adults. Outcomes vary
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A 2024 survey by the National Apartment Association found that 22 percent of property managers identified aggressive or abusive tenants as their biggest workplace challenge.
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While migration from NY has slowed in the last couple of years, high earners and married people continue to leave in large numbers. The data show that 13,662 taxpayers—roughly 1 in 1,000 resident taxpayers—on net left the state in 2024.
“The greatest net loss of taxpayers was among married filers with incomes between $100,000 and $500,000—a net loss of 8,200, or more than half of the total net out-migration, in 2024,” the comptroller’s office says. The highest out-migration rate was for households making $500,000 or more—about one in 100 of whom moved out that year.
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In the 2021-22 school year, about 31% students nationwide experienced chronic absenteeism, reports the U.S. Department of Education. The rate at the start of last school year was about 24%.
Pennsylvania reported a 21% chronic absenteeism rate last year, which is down from its peak 26% in 2022 but still higher than its 2018 rate of 15%.
