1536
Anne Boleyn, Queen of England, is arrested and imprisoned on charges of adultery, incest, treason, and witchcraft
1568
Mary, Queen of Scots, escapes from Loch Leven Castle.
1611
King James Bible is published for the first time in London, England, by printer Robert Barker.
1808
Outbreak of the Peninsular War: The people of Madrid rise up in rebellion against French occupation. Francisco de Goya later memorializes this event in his painting The Second of May 1808.
1863
American Civil War: Stonewall Jackson is wounded by friendly fire while returning to camp after reconnoitering during the Battle of Chancellorsville. He succumbs to pneumonia eight days later.
1945
World War II: Fall of Berlin: The Soviet Union announces the capture of Berlin and Soviet soldiers hoist their red flag over the Reichstag building.
2008
Cyclone Nargis makes landfall in Myanmar killing over 138,000 people and leaving millions of people homeless.
2011
Osama bin Laden, the suspected mastermind behind the September 11 attacks and the FBI’s most wanted man is killed by the United States special forces in Abbottabad, Pakistan.
***
Activists who were planning to sail a ship to Gaza say it was struck by drones in international waters off the coast of Malta - appearing to accuse Israel of being behind the attack.
Two months ago, Israel shut all crossings to Gaza, preventing all goods, including food, fuel, and medicines from entering, and later resumed its military offensive, ending a two-month ceasefire with Hamas.
The Freedom Flotilla Coalition said it had planned to sail to Gaza with people, including climate activist Greta Thunberg on board, and "challenge Israel's illegal siege and blockade".
***
Rightly understood, capitalism is simply the name for the economic component of the natural order of liberty. It means expansive ownership of property, fair and equal rules for all, economic security through prosperity, strict adherence to the boundaries of ownership, opportunity for charity, wise resource use, creativity, growth, development, prosperity, and abundance. Most of all it means the application of the principle that every human person has dignity and should have that dignity respected. --Sirico
This definition, if true, means that opposition to capitalism should be cautious.
***
Imane Khelif
Algerian boxer Imane Khelif remained in the news throughout the Paris Olympics 2024 campaign. Labeled as a biological man by many, Khelif went on to win a gold medal in the women's 66kg category despite her eligibility for the competition being questioned. Months after the conclusion of the Paris Games, a new controversy erupted after a leaked medical report confirmed that Khelif was in fact, a genetic male.
She has internal testicles and XY chromosomes. While, unfortunately, there were no hormone levels revealed, as per the report, the condition hints at a disorder called 5-alpha reductase insufficiency.
This is rare. It was first found years ago in a South Pacific family with characteristic physical findings: atypical genitalia (ranging from female-appearing to undervirulized male), hypospadias, and isolated micropenis. There is usually little facial hair and little male pattern baldness. The internal reproductive structures (vasa deferentia, seminal vesicles, epididymides, and ejaculatory ducts) are normal, but the testes are usually undescended, and prostate hypoplasia is common. Fertility in this group is low but occurs.
The basic defect is an autosomal recessive gene responsible for the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, a much stronger androgen crucial to male development. Its deletion has no effect on females.
So genetic males with the enzyme defect have a spectrum of developmental abnormalities, but usually appear female at birth, develop some secondary male characteristics at puberty due to rising testosterone levels, but do not convert those rising testosterone levels to the more powerful dihydrotestosterone.
Enterprising pharmaceutical scientists saw an opportunity to shrink prostates medically--and perhaps reduce baldness--so they spent a fortune isolating the missing enzyme and then trying to block it. The result was finasteride, which blocks the enzyme, shrinks the prostate in adults, may limit prostate cancer development, and reduces hair loss. It's sold as Proscar, Avodart, and, cosmetically, as Propecia. So a small subset is applied to all.
Enter the unfortunate Ms. Khelif, world champion.
***
Imane Khelif
Algerian boxer Imane Khelif remained in the news throughout the Paris Olympics 2024 campaign. Labeled as a biological man by many, Khelif went on to win a gold medal in the women's 66kg category despite her eligibility for the competition being questioned. Months after the conclusion of the Paris Games, a new controversy erupted after a leaked medical report confirmed that Khelif was in fact, a genetic male.
She has internal testicles and XY chromosomes. While, unfortunately, there were no hormone levels revealed, as per the report, the condition hints at a disorder called 5-alpha reductase insufficiency.
This is rare. It was first found years ago in a South Pacific family with characteristic physical findings: atypical genitalia (ranging from female-appearing to undervirulized male), hypospadias, and isolated micropenis. There is usually little facial hair and little male pattern baldness. The internal reproductive structures (vasa deferentia, seminal vesicles, epididymides, and ejaculatory ducts) are normal, but the testes are usually undescended, and prostate hypoplasia is common. Fertility in this group is low but occurs.
The basic defect is an autosomal recessive gene responsible for the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, a much stronger androgen crucial to male development. Its deletion has no effect on females.
So genetic males with the enzyme defect have a spectrum of developmental abnormalities, but usually appear female at birth, develop some secondary male characteristics at puberty due to rising testosterone levels, but do not convert those rising testosterone levels to the more powerful dihydrotestosterone.
Enterprising pharmaceutical scientists saw an opportunity to shrink prostates medically--and perhaps reduce baldness--so they spent a fortune isolating the missing enzyme and then trying to block it. The result was finasteride, which blocks the enzyme, shrinks the prostate in adults, may limit prostate cancer development, and reduces hair loss. It's sold as Proscar, Avodart, and, cosmetically, as Propecia. So a small subset is applied to all.
Enter the unfortunate Ms. Khelif, world champion.
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